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Item Uses named after the devil

Nickel is the only element named after the devil. The name comes from the German word Kupfernickel, which means "Copper Old Nick" a term used by German miners. They tried to remove a copper mine that looked like copper ore, but without success. Instead of copper, which is slag, a useless mass of earthy material. The miners believed that the devil ("Old Nick") was playing a joke on them. So called counterfeiting copper copper ore Old Nick. Since then, nickel has been become a very valuable metal. It is more common use is in the production of stainless steel, a strong material that does not oxidize easily and is used in hundreds of industrial and consumer applications. Nickel is also used in the manufacture many other alloys.

Nickel is classified as a transition metal. The nickel is closely linked with iron, cobalt, copper and zinc. These metals are close to nickel in the periodic table. The study of metals was difficult for the first chemists. Many metals looked very similar. Also appeared very similar to each other chemically. Nickel was one of the metals on which there is much confusion. Copper miners were confused about nickel and copper because both are produced in minerals with a green tint. But copper ores reacted differently to heat than mineral made of nickel. This confusion led to the election for the name of nickel. But the mining of cobalt were confused too. Some minerals also seem to nickel and cobalt. But these minerals do not react chemically in the same way either. The owners of the cobalt mines called "bad behavior" nickel-cobalt ore that had lost its soul. "

Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was the first person to realize that nickel is a new item. In 1751, he was given a new mineral of a cobalt mine near the town of Hälgsingland, Sweden. While thinking Cronstedt may contain cobalt ore and copper, its tests produced a surprising result. He found something in the mineral did not act such as cobalt, copper, or any other known element. Cronstedt announced they had found a new element. He used an abbreviated version of Kupfernickel for the name of the new element. He called nickel.

Nickel is a silvery-white metal. It has the shiny surface common to most metals and ductile and malleable. With melting point of 1555 ° C (2831 ° F), boiling point of about 2835 ° C (5135 ° F), and density of 8.90 grams per cubic centimeter, nickel is one of the three natural elements that is strongly magnetic, the other two being the iron and cobalt. However, nickel is less that any magnetic iron or cobalt. Nickel is a relatively unreactive. At room temperature, not combined with oxygen or water or dissolve in most acids. At higher temperatures, becomes more active. For example, nickel burns in oxygen to form nickel oxide (NiO). Also reacts with steam to give nickel oxide and hydrogen gas. Nickel accounts for about 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Earth's crust. It ranks 22 among about the chemical elements in terms of abundance in the Earth's crust. Nickel is thought to be much more abundant in the Earth's core. In fact, many Experts believe that the core is composed almost entirely of iron and nickel.

One argument for this belief is the presence of nickel in meteorites. Meteorites are pieces of rock or metal that fall from space to Earth's surface. Meteorites often contain a high percentage of nickel. The most common minerals of nickel are pentlandite, pyrrhotite and garnierite. The element also occurs as an impurity in iron ores, copper, cobalt and other metals. U.S. mines nickel only is located in Riddle, Oregon. In 1996, the mine produced 15 070 tonnes of nickel. Russia is the world's largest nickel producer. Other major nickel producers are Canada, New Caledonia, Australia and Indonesia. The largest single deposit of nickel in the Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada. The deposit was discovered in 1883. It covers an area of 27 km wide and 59 km long. Some experts believe that the deposit was created when a meteorite hit the earth in the Sudbury Basin.

There are five natural isotopes of nickel, nickel-58, nickel-60, nickel-61, nickel-62, and nickel-64. Seven radioactive isotopes Nickel is also known. Use a radioactive isotope of nickel, nickel-63 has limited the industry. This isotope has two purposes: to detect explosives, and certain types of electronic devices such as surge protectors. A surge protector is a device that protects electronic equipment computers sensitive sudden changes in electric current flowing in them.

The method used for the production of pure nickel metal is usual in metallurgy, the art and science of working with metals. Most nickel ores of nickel sulfide (NIS). These minerals are "roasted" (Heated in air). Roasting converts the nickel sulfide to nickel oxide. Nickel oxide is treated with a chemical substance capable of removing oxygen from nickel. For example, a large amount of nickel is now recycled from scrap. Scrap comes from old cars, demolition of buildings, appliances such as washing machines and stoves, and landfills. The task in the recycling of scrap is to find a way to separate nickel in scrap metals. This can be done exploiting the properties Nickel Special. For example, a magnet removed from scrap nickel, copper, leaving behind. The nickel-cadmium batteries used in computers Portable.

The most important use of nickel in the manufacture of alloys. About 80 percent of all nickel produced is used to make alloys. About two thirds of that amount goes into stainless steel that is common to household appliances (coffee makers, toasters, pots and pans), sink tops kitchen and stoves and medical equipment (X-ray machines, for example). It is also used for heavy equipment and large containers in which chemical reactions large scale are carried out. Artists sometimes use the stainless steel sculpture because it does not oxidize easily. Stainless steel is important for food and beverages, petroleum, chemicals, pharmaceuticals (drugs), pulp and paper and textile industries. Nickel is also used to make super alloys used in some parts of jet engines and gas turbines. Superalloys are made primarily of iron, cobalt or nickel. Also included are small amounts of other metals, such as chromium, tungsten, aluminum and titanium. Superalloys are resistant to corrosion (oxidation) and retain their properties at high temperatures.

Nickel is also very popular in the manufacture of batteries. Nickel-cadmium (NiCad) and nickel-metal hydride batteries are the most popular of these batteries. They are used in a variety of applications including power hand tools, CD players, pocket recorders, video cameras, cell and wireless phones, scanner radios and laptops. Nickel is also used in electroplating, a process by which a thin layer of a metal provided in the top of a second metal. Nickel is used in electroplating, the process by which a thin layer of metal is set on top of a second metal. To fulfill electroplating first nickel compound that dissolves in water to establish. The solution can be nickel chloride (NiCl2) nickel nitrate [Ni (NO3) 2], or some other nickel compounds. Second, a galvanized sheet metal is placed in the solution. if the metal is steel then your resume suspended in the nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel or other solution.

Thirdly, an electric current passes through of the solution. Nickel causes the current to leave the solution. Nickel is deposited on the surface of steel. The longer the current race, more Nickel is set. The thickness of the nickel layer can be controlled by the time the electric current running through the solution. Electroplating is used to fabricate metal products with very specific qualities. Steel is strong but tends to corrode easily. Nickel does not corrode as fast as steel. A thin nickel layer on top of steel protects the steel against corrosion.

Some nickel compounds have other uses. Some are used to nickel alloys. Other nickel compounds are used as dyes. For example, nickel dimethylglyoxime compound (C8 H14 N4 NiO4) is used as a coloring agent in paints, cosmetics and certain plastics. Many other nickel compounds may have a more unusual use. For example, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate compounds (Ni [CS2 N (C4H4) 2] 2) is used as an antioxidant in the tires. The tire rubber reacts with oxygen in the air. When it does, the rubber stiff and rigid. The tires begin to decompose. A nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate additive can reduce the speed at which this process occurs. The tire life is extended.

Nickel can pose a health hazard to certain individuals. The most common health problem called allergy to nickel. Some people are more likely to develop nickel allergy than others. People who are sensitive to nickel may develop a rash a bit like poison ivy. The eruption becomes itchy and may form water-filled blisters. Once a person is allergic to nickel, which is always with him or her. Since nickel is present in dozens of products, it is easy for sensitive people develop nickel allergy. Perhaps the most common cause of nickel allergy is perforation body. Some people have pierced ears for earrings, while others have the lips, nose, or other body parts pierced. inexpensive jewelry placed in these holes is frequently made of stainless steel. The presence of nickel in a hole can cause nickel allergy to develop. Nickel can cause more serious health problems as well. For example, people who are exposed to vapors of nickel (dust and gas) breathing in nickel on a regular basis. Exposure long-term nickel can cause serious health problems, including cancer.

About the Author

Dr. Badruddin Khan teaches Chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

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